Does Relativity Imply Quantum Mechanics' Nonlocality? The Nonlocality of the Fourth Expanding Dimension: dx4/dt = ic & Moving Dimensions Theory
Consider two intitally interacting photons that propagate in opposite directions. Relativity tells us that neither photon will age. Both will remain in the exact same place in the fourth dimension. Both photons will propagate at c in opposite directions through the three spatial dimensions. As relativity implies that both photons remain in the exact same place in the fourth dimension no matter how far they travel, should we then be surprised that quantum mechanics predicts that both photons will be entangled, and that measuring one will instantaneously affect the other, no matter how far they travel?
Furthermore this would seem to imply that the fourth dimension has nonlocal properties, in that what begins as a local point can spread out in the three spatial dimensions while yet remaining a single point in the fourth dimension. All probabilistic phenomena in quantum mechanics--the very notion of nonlocality--derive from the inherent nonlocality of the fourth dimension:
dx4/dt = ic
Einstein never stated that time is the fourth dimension. Read his papers and you will see that the fourth dimension is given by ict or x(4) = ict.
There it has been sitting in front of us all these years.
Consider a single photon emitted from a source. Quantum Mechanics tells us that its position is defined by a probability based upon a spherically symmetric wavefront. This expanding spherically symmetric wavefront represents a single point in the fourth dimension, as the photon does not age. The photon has an equal chance of being measured to be anywhere on this wavefront of the fourth expanding dimension. The act of measurement collapses the photon
Time is not the fourth dimension; but time is an emergent property of a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial diemsions.
dx4/dt = ic.
The Curious Nature of the Photon, Einstein's Annus Mirabilis,
and Moving Dimensions Theory
As the contemplation of the photon lead to both quantum mechanics and relativity, let us also begin by contemplating the photon. Einstein's revolutionary 1905 papers included one devoted to the photoelectric effect-the quantized nature of the photon, and another devoted to the electrodynamics of moving bodies-electromagnetic radiation, relativity, and the wave properties of the photon. Another paper discussed statistical mechanics in the form of Brownian Motion, and the final paper commented on the equivalence of mass and energy, as denoted with his famous equation, E=mc2. Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies all of Einstein's 1905 papers with its simple postulate-the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Picture the emission of a photon in free space. Once second later, the photon has equal probability of being found anywhere upon a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles, as c, the velocity of light, equals 186,000 miles per second. If we covered the surface of the sphere with detectors, one, and only one, would click. And the photon, although traveling 186,000 miles through space, will not have aged one iota, for time stops at the speed of light. The photon will have traveled 186,000 miles through the three spatial dimensions, and yet it will not have moved one iota in the fourth dimension. And there lies our first clue to moving dimensions theory. For how can a photon propagate 186,000 in the three spatial dimensions, and yet not budge an inch in the fourth dimension, unless that fourth dimension is expanding? Ergo, the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Consider two interacting photons that propagate in opposite directions. One second later, each photon's polarization is measured at detectors separated by 372,000 miles. According to the laws of quantum mechanics and numerous supporting experiments, the measurement at one detector instantaneously affects the measurement at the second detector. It is as if the photons are yet side-by-side for all intents and purposes. This "spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is not so spooky in the context of moving dimensions theory, for MDT states that although separated by 372,000 miles, the photons are yet in the exact same place in the fourth dimension, as the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. So it is that quantum phenomena on the photonic level, as well as relativistic phenomena on the photonic level, are both accounted for with simple elegance via MDT: the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Another paper Einstein penned in 1905 was devoted to Brownian Motion and statistical mechanics. Drop a thimbleful of food coloring in a pool. The laws of statistical mechanics dictate that it will spread out throughout the entire pool, and never again reassemble in a localized region. That everything tends towards random disorder is a fundamental law of physics, and too, it can be accounted for by moving dimensions theory. As the fundamental motion of the universe is the expansion of the fourth dimension relative to the three spatial dimensions, two photons originating from a common origin will harbor a vast probability of being found at great distances from one another one second later-distances far greater than the distance that separates them at their emission. This is because each one has an equal probability of being found anywhere upon the surface of a spherically-symmetric wave front of probability, corresponding to the wave front of the fourth expanding dimension. Recall our system of detectors placed everywhere through the surface of a sphere with a radius of 186,000 miles-each photon has an equal chance of being found at any detector after one second, and chances are that the detectors will be farther apart than the distance of 0 that defines the photon's common origin. Hence entropy. Entropy arises because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. All particles undergoing thermal vibrations interact with photons, and all photons reside in the fourth expanding dimension, dragging all of entirety into random disorder.
Yet another paper published by Einstein in his "Miraculous Year" (anna mirabilis), was devoted to the equivalence of mass and energy. Think about the fascinating physical reality implied by E=mc2. A kilogram of gold or lead or feathers sitting on a desktop is the same thing as 9x1016 joules of energy-an exorbitant amount of energy-enough to power, or to destroy, a major city. How is it that a stationary mass possesses such a great energy? It is because the mass, which is stationary in the three spatial dimensions, is yet propagating through the fourth dimension at the rate of c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions, and matter trapped in the fourth expanding dimension appears at photons. Furthermore, as noted earlier, the photons will propagate at the rate of c through the three spatial dimensions, and yet they will never age-they will stay in a fixed place in the fourth expanding dimension. The primary invariant is c-all matter and/or photons-be it propagating through space or time, or some combination thereof, always, always moves at the rate of c. To be stationary in space means to propagate at the rate of c through time. To be stationary in time means to propagate at the rate of c through space. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimensions. Most objects share motion between space and time, but the overall velocity of propagation through space-time is fixed at c-this primary invariance can never change.
And so it is that Moving Dimensions Theory underlies and unifies the papers Einstein Published during his Annus Mirabilis-his "miraculous year." I highly recommend Harvard University Press's Einstein 1905: The Standard of Greatness (Hardcover) by John S. Rigden, about which Publisher's Weekly writes,
"The year 2005 will be the centenary of Einstein's annus mirabilis, when he published the five papers that marked him as one of the greatest scientists of all time. Washington University professor Rigden (Hydrogen: The Essential Element) sits readers down in front of his white board and explains what Einstein said in each of these papers, what was significant in them and how the scientific community reacted (not very well, in most cases-for a while). Einstein started off with a bang: in March he proposed that light was not a continuous wave, but was made up of particles. In April he finished what became his dissertation, on how to determine the size of molecules in a liquid (that may not sound very exciting, but this is one of Einstein's most cited papers). In May he wrote his paper on Brownian motion, and then in June came the summit of his achievements that year: the paper proposing his principles of relativity and the consistency of the speed of light (commonly known as the Special Theory of Relativity). Finally, almost as an afterthought, in September came the three-page paper that unleashed his now-famous equation, e=mc2, upon an unsuspecting world. Rigden writes with a rare felicity, free of jargon and with everyday metaphors that Einstein himself would no doubt have appreciated."
I encourage everyone to read Einstein's and Bohr's and Heisenberg's and Dirac's original papers, and contrast their majestic elegance, eloquence, reason, and logic to the snarky death threats and crackpot indexes manufactured by today's "best and brightest," and the accompanying silence from their established elders-the founders of string theory's oppressive regime. This book looks back to the giants of yesteryear with deep honor and reverence, so that tomorrow's physics might advance in the spirit of simple Truth and Beauty. Every effort will be maintained to demonstrate that true physics is marked by grace and simplicity, as opposed to obfuscation and bullying. Moving Dimensions Theory is an idea whose time has come, and ideas are bulletproof.
Moving Dimensions Theory: MDT
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions. Moving Dimensions Theory accounts for the aetherless aether.
This simple postulate offers a physical model underlying and unifiying:
RELATIVITY:
1) length contraction
2) time dilation
3) the equivalence of mass and energy
4) the constant velocity of light
5) the independence of the speed of light from the velocity of the source
QUANTUMN MECHANICS
1) action at a distance
2) wave-particle duality
3) interference phenomena
4) EPR paradox
THERMODYNAMICS
1) Time's arrow
2) Entropy
STRING THEORY'S MANY DIMENSIONS / KALUZA/KLEIN THEORY
1) a fourth expanding dimension can be interepreted as many dimensions, each time it expands
THE UNITY OF THE DUALITIES
1) wave/particle duality
2) time/space duality
3) energy/mass duality
4) E/B duality
GENERAL RELATIVITY
1) Gravitational redshift
2) Gravity waves
3) Gravitational attraction
THE SPACE-TIME BACKGROUND
1) quantum foam
2) the smearing of space and time at small distances
3) Hawking's imaginary time
PARADOXES
1) MDT explains away Godel's Block Universe
2) MDT unfreezes time
3) Resolves Zeno's Paradox
ONE GETS ALL OF THIS FROM A SIMPLE POSTULATE:
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions in a sphereically symmetric manner, in units of the Planck length, at the rate of c.
This means that every point in three dimnesional space is always expanding into a fourth dimensional sphere with a radius of the plank length. A photon is matter caught on the surface of this quantized expansion, and thus energy is quantized. The expansion of the fourth dimension occurs at the rate of c, and thus the velocity of all photons is c.
Check out the t-shirt with a simple proof of MDT:
http://www.cafepress.com/autumnrangers.72464949
"The only way to stay stationary in the fourth dimension is to move at the speed of light through the three spatial dimensions. Ergo the fourth dimension is expanding at the rate of c relative to the three spatial dimenions."
How sad it is that when truth stares modern physicists in the face, they must close their eyes so as to get a postdoc or raise more funds for String Theory.
Moving Dimensions Theory is in complete agreement with all
experimental tests and phenomena associated with special and general relativity. MDT is in complete agreement with all physical phenomena as predicted by quantum mechanics and demonstrated in extensive experiments. The genius and novelty of MDT is that it presents a common physical model which shows that phenomena from both relativity and quantum mechanics derive from the same fundamental physical reality.
Nowhere does String Theory nor Loop Quantum Gravity account for quantum entanglement nor relativistic time dilation. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for wave-particle duality nor relativistic length contraction. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does ST nor LQG account for the constant speed of light, nor the independence of the speed of light on the velocity of the source, nor entropy, nor time's arrow. MDT shows these derive from the same underlying physical reality. Nowhere does String Theory nor
Loop Quantum Gravity resolve the paradox of Godel's Block Universe which troubled Eisntein. MDT resolves this paradox.
Simply put, MDT replaces the contemporary none-theories with a physical theory, complete with a simple postulate that unifies
formerly disparate phenomena within a simple context.
THE GENERAL POSTULATE
OF DYNAMIC DIMENSIONS THEORY
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions.
If at first the idea is not absurd, then there is no hope for it.
-Albert Einstein
But after thirty years of the absurdity of String Theory, millions of
dollars from the NSF, and billions of complementary dollars from tax
and tuition and endowments spent on killing physics and indie
physicists, perhaps it's time for something that makes sense-for a
physical theory that actually accounts for a deeper reality from which
both Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, from which time, entanglement,
gravity, entropy, interference, the constant speed of light,
relativistic time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of
mass and energy emerge. It's time for Moving Dimensions Theory-MDT.
-The Physicist with No Name
I know what you're thinking. Did he say there were thirty-six
dimensions or only thirty-five? Well to tell you the truth in all this
excitement I've kinda lost track myself. But being this is a .45
Revolver-the most powerful hand gun in the world and would blow your
head clean off, you've got to ask yourself one question--Do I feel
lucky? Well, do ya punk!? -Clint Eastwood
I'm interested in the fact that the less secure a man is, the more
likely he is to have extreme prejudice. -Clint Eastwood
Go ahead. Make my day. -Clint Eastwood
MDT IN BRIEF
Without further adieu, allow me to present the beauty and elegance of
MDT by showing both its simplicity and far-reaching ability to account
for and answer fundamental questions. All of the below will be
elaborated on throughout the book.
Questions Addressed by MDT:
Why does light have a maximum, constant speed independent of the
source? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three
spatial dimensions. A photon is momenergy that exists orthogonal to
the three spatial dimensions. It is carried along by the expanding
fourth dimension. So no matter how fast the source is moving when the
photon is emitted, the photon travels at the rate with which the
fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions. Thus c is always independent of the movement of the
source.
Why are light and energy quantized? The fourth dimension is expanding
in a quantized manner relative to the three spatial dimensions. Light
and energy are matter rotated completely into the fourth expanding
dimension, and as it expands in a quantized manner, light and energy
are thus quantized.
Why is the velocity of light constant in all frames? Time is an
emergent phenomena that arises because the fourth dimension is
expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. The flow of time
is inextricably wed to the emission and propagation of photons. In all
biological, mechanical, and electronic clocks, the emission and
propagation of photons is what determines time. The velocity of light
is always measured with respect to time, which is inextricably linked
to the velocity of light. This tautology ensures that the velocity of
light, measured relative to the velocity of light, will always be the
same.
How can photons display both wave and particle properties? The
fundamental photon propagates as a spherical wave-front, surfing the
fourth expanding dimension. This is because the fourth expanding
dimension appears as a spherical wavefront as it expands through the
three spatial dimensions. The act of measurement localizes the
photon's momenergy, taking it out of the expanding fourth dimension
and trapping it in the three stationary spatial dimensions, and it
appears as a localized particle, trapped by electrons as it blackens a
grain on a photographic plate.
How can matter display both wave and particle properties? The
fundamental electron is abuzz with photons. Photons are continually
being emitted into the fourth expanding dimension and reabsorbed by
the electron. The continual dance with these photons gives the
electron its wave properties. Nothing moves without photons which up
the net probability that the combine momenergy will be in the
expanding fourth dimension. The more photons one adds to an object,
the greater the chance it has of existing in the expanding fourth
dimension, and thus it moves.
Why are there non-local effects in quantum mechanics? The fourth
dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. That
means that what begins as a point in the fourth dimension is a sphere
with a 186,000 mile radius one second later. So it is that the entire
spherical wavefront of the photon exists in the exact same place in
time. Hence the non-locality observed in double slit experiments, the
EPR effect, and quantum entanglement. Take two interacting spin ½
photons and let them propagate at the speed of c in opposite
directions. They are yet at the exact same place in time! And too,
they are yet in the exact same place of the fourth expanding
dimension.
Why does time stop at the speed of light?
Time depends on the emission and propagation of photons. If no photons
are emitted, time does not occur. This holds true whether the clock is
an unwinding copper spring, a biological system such as a heart, or an
oscillating quartz crystal. No photom emission=no time! As an object
approaches the speed of light, its ability to emit photons without
reabsorbing them diminishes. An object traveling at the speed of light
cannot emit a photon.
How come a photon does not age?
A photon represents momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth
expanding dimension. A photon stays the exact same place in the fourth
dimension, no matter how far it travels. A photon stays the exact same
place in time, no matter how far it travels. Again, time is not the
fourth dimension, but in inherits properties of the fourth dimension.
Why are inertial mass and gravitational mass the same thing?
Why do moving bodies exhibit length contraction?
Movement is always accompanied by a shortening in length. This is
because the only way for a body to move is for it to undergo a
rotation into the forth dimension, which is expanding relative to the
three spatial dimensions. The more energy an electron has, the more
photons it possesses, and the higher probability it exists in the
expanding fourth dimension. Hence its length appears contracted as
perceived from the three spatial dimensions.
Why are mass and energy equivalent?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions. That means that a baseball sitting on a lab table
stationary in our three-dimensional inertial reference frame, is yet
moving at a fantastic velocity relative to the fourth dimension. Hence
every seemingly stationary mass has a vast energy, as given by E=mc2.
In a nuclear reaction matter is rotated into the expanding fourth
dimension, appearing as high-enegry photons (gamma rays) propagating
at the same velocity of the fourth expanding dimension-c.
Why does time's arrow point in the direction it points in? The fourth
dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions. Hence
every photon naturally expands in a spherically symmetric manner.
Hence every electron, or piece of matter that interacts with photons,
is naturally carried outward from a central point in a spherically
symmetric manner. Hence the particles in a drop of dye in a swimming
pool dissipate in a spherically symmetric manner, and are never
reunited. Hence time's arrow and entropy.
Why do photons appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts traveling at
a velocity c? The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three
spatial dimensions at the velocity c. Hence photons, which are tiny
packets of momenergy rotated entirely into the fourth dimension,
appear as spherically-symmetric wavefronts propagating at the velocity
c.
Why is there a minus sign in the following metric?
x^2+y^2+z^2-c^2t^2=s^2
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions at the velocity c. Hence the only way to stay still in the
space-time continuum, and to achieve a 0 interval, is to move with the
velocity of light.
What deeper reality underlies Einstein's postulates of relativity?
The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial
dimensions at the velocity c. This single postulate assures that the
speed of light is constant for all observers and that the laws of
physics are the same in all inertial frames.
What deeper reality underlies Newton's laws?
Newton's laws are an approximation of relativity and quantum
mechanics, and as MDT underlies QM & relativity, it underlies Newton's
laws.
Why is an increase in velocity always accompanied by a decrease in
length as measured by an external observer? All increases in velocity
are accompanied by rotations into the fourth dimension. All particles
can be represented by momenergy 4-vectors. The greater the momenrgy
component in the expanding fourth dimension, the greater the velocity
and speed of the particle. Rest mass is the invariant here. It never
changes. It prefers the three spatial dimensions. In order for it to
move, one must gain energy in the form of photons. These photons
prefer the fourth expanding dimension. The more photons one adds, the
greater the component of the momenergy 4-vector that appears in the
fourth expanding dimension, the more energy the particle has, the
shorter it appears, and the faster it moves.
How MDT Is Aiding Fellow Physicists
"The conclusions from Bell's theorem are philosophically startling;
either one must totally abandon the realistic philosophy of most
working scientists or dramatically revise our concept of space-time." -
Abner Shimony and John Clauser
Moving Dimensions Theory provides this new concept of space-time. The
vast ambitions of most tenure-track physicists, including string
theorists and LQG hypers, causes them to focus on irrelevant, minute
questions, and thus, though funded by millions for over thirty years,
have not yet been able to string the bow. Deeper, true physicists,
such as Abner Shimony and John Clauser are alert to the fact that
physics need news ideas.
MDT is the best-tested theory of all time.
MDT predicts that an object's velocity through spacetime is always c. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
The above has been shown in experiment, after experiment, after experiment.
MDT predicts that the only way to stay stationary in the three spatial dimensions is to move with a velocity of c relative to the fourth expanding dimension. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.
The above has been shown in experiment, after experiment, after experiment.
MDT predicts that the only way to stay stationary in the fourth expanding dimension is to move with the velocity c relative to the three spatial dimensions. This is because the fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial diemnsions.
The above has been shown in experiment, after experiment, after experiment.
MDT predicts the equivalence of mass and energy. Matter, when rotated into the fourth expanding dimension, appears as photons.
The above has been shown in experiment, after experiment, after experiment.
MDT predicts the constant speed of light. The fourth dimension is expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions at the rate of c. Hence the speed of matter rotated into the the fourth dimension is c. No matter how fast the source is moving, the second the photon leaves thes ource, it is carried by the fourth expanding dimension, so its speed is always c, independent of the source.
The above has been shown in experiment, after experiment, after experiment.
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